Papers with pretrained LM
Fire Burns, Sword Cuts: Commonsense Inductive Bias for Exploration in Text-based Games (2022.acl-short)
Copied to clipboard
| Challenge: | Existing RL agents are far away from solving text-based games due to their combinatorially large action spaces that hinders efficient exploration. |
| Approach: | They propose an exploration technique that injects external commonsense knowledge, via a pretrained language model, into the agent during training when the agent is the most uncertain about its next action. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method exhibits improvement on the collected game scores during the training in four out of nine games from Jericho. |
Context Generation Improves Open Domain Question Answering (2023.findings-eacl)
Copied to clipboard
Dan Su, Mostofa Patwary, Shrimai Prabhumoye, Peng Xu, Ryan Prenger, Mohammad Shoeybi, Pascale Fung, Anima Anandkumar, Bryan Catanzaro
| Challenge: | Existing closed-book question answering methods do not fully exploit the parameterized knowledge. |
| Approach: | They propose a closed-book QA framework which uses a coarse-to-fine approach to extract the relevant knowledge and answer a question. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method outperforms open-book QA methods on three QA benchmarks. |
In-Context Retrieval-Augmented Language Models (2023.tacl-1)
Copied to clipboard
| Challenge: | Existing RALM methods focus on modifying the LM architecture to facilitate incorporation of external information, complicating deployment. |
| Approach: | They propose to condition a language model on relevant documents from a grounding corpus during generation by conditioning on external knowledge sources. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method significantly improves language modeling performance and provides natural source attribution mechanism. |
ConvFiT: Conversational Fine-Tuning of Pretrained Language Models (2021.emnlp-main)
Copied to clipboard
Ivan Vulić, Pei-Hao Su, Samuel Coope, Daniela Gerz, Paweł Budzianowski, Iñigo Casanueva, Nikola Mrkšić, Tsung-Hsien Wen
| Challenge: | Existing Transformer-based language models (LMs) are not effective as sentence encoders when used off-the-shelf. |
| Approach: | They propose a method which turns a pretrained LM into a universal conversational encoder and task-specialised sentence encoder. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework achieves state-of-the-art ID performance across the board with particular gains in the most challenging, few-shot setups. |
On the Importance of Effectively Adapting Pretrained Language Models for Active Learning (2022.acl-short)
Copied to clipboard
| Challenge: | Recent active learning approaches in NLP use off-the-shelf pretrained language models (LMs) . a poor training strategy can be catastrophic for AL, authors argue . |
| Approach: | They propose to first adapt the pretrained LM to the target task and then use it for AL. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach provides substantial data efficiency improvements compared to the standard fine-tuning approach. |
Multi-Stage Prompting for Knowledgeable Dialogue Generation (2022.findings-acl)
Copied to clipboard
Zihan Liu, Mostofa Patwary, Ryan Prenger, Shrimai Prabhumoye, Wei Ping, Mohammad Shoeybi, Bryan Catanzaro
| Challenge: | Existing knowledge-grounded dialogue systems typically use finetuned versions of a pretrained language model and large-scale knowledge bases. |
| Approach: | They propose a multi-stage prompting approach to generate knowledgeable responses from a single pretrained LM. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms the state-of-the-art retrieval-based model in terms of knowledge relevance and correctness by 5.8% and 5%, respectively. |
Reusing a Pretrained Language Model on Languages with Limited Corpora for Unsupervised NMT (2020.emnlp-main)
Copied to clipboard
| Challenge: | Neural machine translation (NMT) models with limited data are ineffective when the two languages are not available for one language. |
| Approach: | They propose an approach that reuses a language model that is pretrained on two languages with large monolingual data to initialize an unsupervised neural machine translation system. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method outperforms a competitive cross-lingual pretraining model in English-Macedonian (En-Mk) and English-Albanian (En Sq) it yields more than +8.3 BLEU points for all four translation directions. |
A Robust Information-Masking Approach for Domain Counterfactual Generation (2023.findings-acl)
Copied to clipboard
| Challenge: | Domain shift is a big challenge in NLP, but many approaches fail to leverage domain-specific nuances relevant to the task at hand. |
| Approach: | They propose a method that uses frequency-based masking to transform a text from the source domain to a target domain. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method outperforms baselines on 10 out of 12 domain-counterfactual classification settings with an average of 1.7% improvement in accuracy metric. |
Graph Language Models (2024.acl-long)
Copied to clipboard
| Challenge: | Language Models (LMs) are the workhorses of NLP, but their interplay with structured knowledge graphs (KGs) is still actively researched. |
| Approach: | They propose a Graph Language Model (GLM) that integrates the strengths of both approaches and mitigates their weaknesses. |
| Outcome: | Empirical evaluations show that the proposed model surpasses both LM- and GNN-based baselines in supervised and zero-shot setting, demonstrating their versatility. |
End-to-End Synthetic Data Generation for Domain Adaptation of Question Answering Systems (2020.emnlp-main)
Copied to clipboard
Siamak Shakeri, Cicero Nogueira dos Santos, Henghui Zhu, Patrick Ng, Feng Nan, Zhiguo Wang, Ramesh Nallapati, Bing Xiang
| Challenge: | Existing approaches for synthetic QA data generation have limited or no success in improving the downstream Reading Comprehension task. |
| Approach: | They propose an end-to-end approach for synthetic QA data generation using a transformer-based encoder-decoder network that is trained end- to-end to generate both answers and questions. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms current state-of-the-art methods in the domain adaptation of QA models. |
DExperts: Decoding-Time Controlled Text Generation with Experts and Anti-Experts (2021.acl-long)
Copied to clipboard
Alisa Liu, Maarten Sap, Ximing Lu, Swabha Swayamdipta, Chandra Bhagavatula, Noah A. Smith, Yejin Choi
| Challenge: | Decoding-time Experts is a decoding- time method for controlled text generation . it combines a pretrained language model with "expert" LMs and/or "anti-expert" experts . |
| Approach: | They propose a decoding-time method that combines a pretrained language model with "expert" LMs and/or "anti-expert" experts to generate controlled text. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method outperforms existing controllable generation methods on automatic and human evaluations. |
Cross-Modal Taxonomic Generalization in (Vision-) Language Models (2026.acl-long)
Copied to clipboard
| Challenge: | Existing studies have shown that language models learn from surface form to learn from more grounded evidence. |
| Approach: | They propose to use a vision-language model to learn hypernyms from images . they find that the model can recover this knowledge and generalize even when there is no hypernomia in the image. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model can recover this knowledge and generalize even when the model receives no evidence of hypernyms during training. |
TaBERT: Pretraining for Joint Understanding of Textual and Tabular Data (2020.acl-main)
Copied to clipboard
| Challenge: | Recent years have witnessed the burgeoning of pretrained language models (LMs) for text-based natural language understanding tasks. |
| Approach: | They propose a pretrained language model that jointly learns representations for NL sentences and (semi-)structured tables. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model performs best on the weakly-supervised semantic parsing benchmark WikiTableQuestions while performing competitively on the text-to-SQL dataset Spider. |
Protecting Privacy Through Approximating Optimal Parameters for Sequence Unlearning in Language Models (2024.findings-acl)
Copied to clipboard
| Challenge: | Language models (LMs) demonstrate exceptional capabilities on tasks, but are vulnerable to extraction attacks. |
| Approach: | They propose Privacy Protection via Optimal Parameters (POP) which induces the model to forget about some of its training data. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art in retaining LM performance on 9 classification and 4 dialogue benchmarks. |